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Product or Method |
Application |
Mode of Action |
Effects on Target Organism |
Remarks and particular Recommendation |
Region |
|
| Pests | Efficiency | |||||
| a) Peanut oil. | 5 ml/kg of grain legumes. | Toxic effect on the eggs of bruchids. because of asphyxia due to lack of oxygen. Larvae living in side the grains are not affected. Oviposition is impeded | Bruchids in grain legumes. | Protective effect can last up to 6 months. | Simple and cheap treatment of grain legumes. To ensure a successful treatment it is important to cover all surfaces of the grains equally. No negative effects on the taste because the oil does not become rancid during storage. No negative effect on germination capacity. | Entire African continent. |
| b) Coconut oil. | 5 to 10 ml/kg of grain legumes. | Similar effect to the one of peanut oil. | Bruchids in grain legumes. | Protective effect lasts 3 to 6 months. Mortality of adult bruchids reaches 60 % | See remarks concerning peanut oil. | West and Central Africa. |
| c) Palm oil. | 5 to 10 ml/kg of grain legumes. | Similar effect to those of peanut and coconut oil. | Bruchids in grain legumes | Protective effect lasts 3 to 6 months | See remarks concerning peanut oil. Be aware, intensive red color! | West and Central Africa. |
| d) Sesame oil. | 5 ml/kg of grain legumes. | See peanut oil! | Bruchids in grain legumes. | Protective effect lasts up to 6 months. | See remarks concerning peanut oil. | Entire African continent. |
| e) Oil of ripe, dried neem kernels. | 2 to 3 ml/kg for grain legumes and cereals. Follow local dosage experience. | One must add to the effects of the active ingredients mentioned in chapter 4.1 d the efficacy specific to the oil, similar to that of peanut oil. | Pests of stored cereals and grain legumes, particularly coleoptera. | The average of efficiency is high (between 85 and 100%). Long term effectiveness can attain one year depending on the dosage. | Neem oil has a bitter taste and becomes rancid during storage. One can reduce the negative effect on the taste by soaking the produce in warm water for a few minutes. Nevertheless, for human consumption the use of peanut oil is preferable. Neem oil, which is free from fungus contamination, is basically non toxic. If fungus is present there is a risk of mycotoxins! Neem oil is strongly recommended for seeds because germination capacity is not affected. | Widely used on the African continent |
| f) Shea Butter Butyrospermum parkii). | 5 ml of the melted butter per kg of cereals or grain legumes. | Comparable to the other vegetal oils mentioned. | Pests of stored cereals and grain legumes, particularly coleoptera. | Long term effectiveness of about 4 months. | One can also use the residues from the production of shea butter. | Sahel. |